Which metal is typically used as a reference electrode?

The use of a silver/silver chloride electrode as a reference electrode is favored due to its stable and well-defined electrochemical potential. This reference electrode comprises silver metal coated with a layer of silver chloride, immersed in a solution of potassium chloride. Its potential is relatively constant over time, making it ideal for use in electrochemical measurements.

The silver/silver chloride reference electrode provides a known potential against which the behavior of other electrodes in the system can be measured. Additionally, the chloride ions in the solution help to maintain the stability of the electrode potential, further enhancing its reliability.

While gold, copper, and graphite are materials that can be used in electrochemical cells or other applications, they do not possess the same level of stability and reliability as silver/silver chloride in terms of potential measurement, which is critical for accurate experimental results.