What types of orbitals form the s band in band theory?

In band theory, the s band is primarily formed from s orbitals. This is because s orbitals are the lowest-energy atomic orbitals and have no angular nodes, resulting in a spherical distribution of electron density. When atoms come together to form a solid, their atomic orbitals interact and overlap, leading to the formation of molecular orbitals that spread out over the structure of the solid.

As the atomic s orbitals combine, they form bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals that give rise to the energy bands observed in solids. The s band typically represents the bonding interactions and is filled with electrons. Since the question specifically pertains to the types of orbitals involved in forming the s band, it is important to focus on s orbitals, which provide the necessary symmetry and energy characteristics to contribute to this particular band.

Other types of orbitals, such as p, d, and f orbitals, can contribute to other bands in solid-state materials, but they do not form the s band. For instance, p orbitals can create the p band, which has different energy characteristics and properties compared to the s band. Thus, understanding the role of s orbitals in forming the s band is crucial for grasping the fundamentals of electronic structure in